000			01408nam a22001577a 4500
005			20210519151204.0
008			210519b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
082			_ae-book (MDP)
100			_aChambers, R.
245			_aPoverty and livelihoods: _bwhose reality counts? / _cRobert Chambers.
260			_a : _bEnvironment and Urbanization, _c1995
300			_a32 p. : _bill. ;
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references.
520			_aSUMMARY: This paper explores how professionals' universal, reductionist and standardized views of poverty differ from those of the poor themselves. Poverty line thinking concerned with income-poverty and employment thinking concerned with jobs, project Northern concerns on the South, where the realities of the poor are local, diverse, often complex and dynamic. Examples illustrate how poor people's criteria differ from those assumed for them by professionals. The paper also discusses neglected dimensions of deprivation including vulnerability, seasonality, powerlessness and humiliation. In the new understandings of poverty, wealth as an objective is replaced by wellbeing and "employment" in jobs by livelihood. The final sections argue for ltruism and reversals to enable poor people to analyze and articulate their own needs, and they conclude with the implications for policy and practice of putting first the priorities of the poor.
942			_2ddc _cEB
999			_c9010 _d9010